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Remote sensing has emerged as an essential method for geological mapping, especially in complex environments such as the Mediterranean region. This review describes the recent progress in passive and active remote sensing utilized for geological mapping applications. It highlights sensor functionalities, the integration of data with GIS, and case studies from various geotectonic environments in Mediterranean. Furthermore, the review presents methodological trends, possible data constraints and the application of machine learning techniques. The findings illustrate the non-invasive nature of remote sensing in improving geological mapping, aiming in sustainable resource management and in mineral exploration within the diversity of the Mediterranean’s geological context.