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The presence of superoxide dismutase and various oxidases in cells indicates that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which acts as a signaling molecule closely linked to numerous biological activities. The presence of hydroxyl radicals in their moiety is also responsible for biological harm, contributing to the development of significant illnesses such as fatty liver disease, cancer, and inflammation. To mitigate the risk of early-stage research complications, it is essential to develop advanced NIR fluorescent probes, which are capable of detecting diseases associated with H2O2 Therefore, in this review mainly focuses on the basic design and recent development of NIR probes (400–700 nm), NIR-I probes (700–900 nm), and NIR-II probes (900–1700 nm) for the detection of H2O2 in biological system. In addition, sensing methodologies and reaction mechanisms were explained with the help of both colorimetric and fluorimetric techniques as reported by researchers. Furthermore, we examined the potential mechanisms and application of NIR fluorescent probes that are capable of recognizing H2O2 in biological environments. potential challenges, opportunities and future trends in the field of NIR probe design and sensing of H2O2 will also be discussed.