This paper provides a comprehensive review of uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods and their applications in CFD aerodynamics. The review begins by discussing the various sources of uncertainty in CFD simulations, highlighting their impact on aerodynamic predictions. It then explores a range of UQ methods, including non-probabilistic, probabilistic, and Bayesian approaches, detailing their strengths and limitations in the context of aerodynamics. The paper further examines the application of these methods to real-world CFD problems, showcasing their effectiveness in addressing uncertainties inherent in aerodynamic simulations. Additionally, challenges and limitations of applying UQ techniques in CFD aerodynamics are critically evaluated. The review concludes by outlining potential future research directions aimed at advancing UQ methodologies and their integration into CFD-based aerodynamic design and analysis. Key takeaways from the study are presented to provide a foundation for further developments in this important area of research.