Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia are chronic conditions that constitute a growing challenge to global public health, including among Indigenous populations in Brazil. This study aimed to analyze the scientific literature regarding the prevalence and risk factors of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) in these populations. An integrative review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, covering the period from 2014 to 2024. The search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, SciELO, and COCHRANE databases. A total of 762 articles were identified, of which 27 met the inclusion criteria after screening with the Rayyan review platform. The prevalence of hypertension among Brazilian Indigenous groups ranged from 2.2% to 67.6%, diabetes from 0.9% to 76.4%, and dyslipidemia from 21.5% to 78.6%. These variations highlight the genetic, cultural, and socio-environmental diversity of Indigenous populations, which influence the distribution of these conditions. The findings underscore the urgent need for the implementation of culturally sensitive public health policies that consider the specificities of Indigenous communities, facilitating targeted interventions that address their distinct health needs.