The year 2025 marks the centenary of the birth of psychiatrist Frantz Omar Fanon (1925-1961). His political trajectory and theoretical development provide elements for the practice of clinical practice and management in scenarios of systemic social inequalities. This essay aims to present and approximate the contributions of Frantz Fanon's praxis to Public Health in Brazil, as an analytical tool for understanding and fighting racism, and for advancing Health Reform. The study is organized as follows: the first part is dedicated to presenting the work of the Martinican revolutionary as a theorist in the field of health, with an emphasis on his anticolonial and antiracist praxis; in the second part we will argue the essential need to resume the transformative character of the Health Reform Movement in Brazil through the approach to the Field of Health of the Black Population based on Frantz Fanon's thinking. We understand that Fanonian praxis and its concept of sociogenesis offer analytical tools to understand the inseparability between racism, the Brazilian social context, and the processes of illness and care. Based on these considerations, the contributions of the Martinican physician Frantz Fanon are fundamental to the organization of a health system with universal characteristics and to the production of care for people, considering the sociogenesis of inequalities existing in colonial contexts.