PREreviews of “Cancer risk among adolescents and young adults living with HIV in South Africa: a national cohort study” | PREreview

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Cancer risk among adolescents and young adults living with HIV in South Africa: a national cohort study

by Yann Ruffieux, Tafadzwa Dhokotera, Mazvita Muchengeti, Lina Bartels, Victor Olago, Julia Bohlius, Elvira Singh, Matthias Egger, and Eliane Rohner

Posted: July 15, 2021
Server: AfricArXiv Preprints
DOI: 10.31730/osf.io/xq6jh

Abstract

Background: We studied the incidence of and risk factors for various types of cancers in adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYALWH) in South Africa between 2004 and 2014. Methods: We included individuals aged 15 to 24 years from the South African HIV Cancer Match study, a large cohort resulting from a linkage between HIV-related laboratory measurements from the National Health Laboratory Services and records from the National Cancer Registry. We computed incidence rates for the most common cancers. We assessed associations between these cancers and sex, age, calendar year, and CD4 cell count using Cox models and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR).Findings: We included 782,454 AYALWH (89% female). Of those, 867 developed incident cancer including 429 who developed Kaposi sarcoma, 107 non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 48 Hodgkin lymphoma, 45 cervical cancer, and 32 leukaemia. Kaposi sarcoma was more common in the 20-24 year age group than the 15-19 year age group (aHR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03-1.86). Male sex was associated with higher rates of Kaposi sarcoma (aHR 2.06, 95% CI 1.61-2.63), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (aHR 3.17, 95% CI 2.06-4.89), Hodgkin lymphoma (aHR 4.83, 95% 2.61-8.93), and leukaemia (aHR 5.90, 95% CI 2.87-12.1). Lower CD4 cell counts at baseline were associated with higher rates of Kaposi sarcoma, cervical cancer, non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma.Interpretation: Infection-related cancers are the most common cancer types among AYALWH in South Africa. The burden of these cancers may be reduced through HPV vaccination, targeted HIV testing, early initiation of antiretroviral therapy, and improvement of treatment adherence.

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9 Rapid PREreviews

by Opeyemi Aweda, Brown Octopus, Emmanuel Amadi, Ifeoluwa Adawa, Moboluwaduro Ogunmolu, Olaide Damilola Olagoke, Motunrayo Aiyegbusi, Adeleye A. Edema, and Adedoyin Adefisan-Adeoye

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Aggregated Rapid PREreviews
Question	Yes	Unsure	N/A	No
Are the findings novel?	100%	0%	0%	0%
Are the results likely to lead to future research?	100%	0%	0%	0%
Is sufficient detail provided to allow reproduction of the study?	44%	22%	11%	22%
Are the methods and statistics appropriate for the analysis?	56%	22%	22%	0%
Are the principal conclusions supported by the data and analysis?	89%	0%	11%	0%
Does the manuscript discuss limitations?	78%	0%	11%	11%
Have the authors adequately discussed ethical concerns?	78%	11%	0%	11%
Does the manuscript include new data?	33%	0%	11%	56%
Are the data used in the manuscript available?	11%	33%	44%	11%
Is the code used in the manuscript available?	56%	11%	22%	11%
Would you recommend this manuscript to others?	100%	0%	0%	0%
Do you recommend this manuscript for peer review?	89%	11%	0%	0%

1 PREreview

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PREreview by Adeleye A. Edema et al.

Authored by Adeleye A. Edema, Moboluwaduro Ogunmolu, Motunrayo Aiyegbusi, Opeyemi Aweda, Olaide Damilola Olagoke, Emmanuel Amadi, Samson Kosemani, Raphael Olatoye, Olayinka Adebayo, Ifeoluwa Adawa, and Adedoyin Adefisan-Adeoye

This full PREreview is the result of a live-streamed preprint journal club organized and hosted by AfricArXiv, Eider Africa, eLife, PREreview, and Training Center in Communication Africa as part of the Open Peer Reviewers in Africa workshop training.
An important study has been conducted by the…

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