Historically, generalised dietary recommendations have failed to accommodate individual biochemical needs, particularly within Indigenous populations, whose traditional diets differ significantly from modern nutritional norms. This critical analysis explores how core elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulphur, and carbon, interact within human physiology, influencing epigenetic regulation, metabolic balance, and disease outcomes. Drawing on historical dietary patterns and recent insights from molecular biology, this paper challenges conventional views on nutritional deficiencies and red meat carcinogenicity. It highlights the potential for nitrogen-dense, carnivorous diets to support metabolic health in certain groups, and the need to account for sulphur load in evaluating modern dietary risks. The findings advocate for a shift toward elemental and evolution-informed nutritional frameworks, laying the groundwork for precision healthcare that integrates personal, cultural, and environmental factors into dietary planning.
