Two Comparators May Be All We Need
- Publié
- Serveur de preprints
- bioRxiv
- DOI
- 10.64898/2026.09.15.751854
A compound in a cell meets a spectrum of proteins drawn from many families at once, while screening most often interrogates one target at a time. Two questions asked many times in a rank ordering workflow ultimately guide decisions on what gets made and what gets counter-screened, and both are comparative: which of two targets does a compound prefer, and which of two compounds does a target prefer. We built one model for each: the target comparison over a roster of 2,279 human proteins in 34 protein families, the compound comparison over 2,079 in 32. Each model is given two chemical structures and a sequence, or two sequences and a chemical structure, and returns the predicted preference and its prediction strength. No conformational analysis, protein structure, binding site or docked pose is used. The target comparator reached 0.75 accuracy on 8,689 held-out comparisons across families, increasing to 0.94 when the comparisons are filtered by prediction strength. Within one family it reached 0.78 on 32,738 held-out comparisons, increasing to 0.95. The compound comparator reached 0.71 on 65,725 held-out comparisons, increasing to 0.96. Neither compound in any of those comparisons appeared anywhere in training. Accuracy tracks how far apart the two measured potencies actually are. Where the two readings lie within half a log unit of each other the comparators are right 0.57 to 0.64 of the time, and where they differ by more than two log units, 0.90 to 0.92. The compound comparator was also scored one family at a time, where its accuracy ranged from 0.59 to 0.80 across the 31 of its 32 families that had held-out comparisons. Within the chemistry and targets represented in their training data, these models rank compounds and targets. Both models can be explored and downloaded at familyfoundationmodel.com.