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Einstein's principle of the invariance of the speed of light in a vacuum is a core of modern physics, but the ISO 13690:2008 standard is only applicable to the visible light band, and traditional measurements have not verified the universality of vacuum permittivity and permeability across all bands. This study combs the limitations of historical precision measurements of the speed of light, derives the wavelength dependence of and in the interstellar medium based on quantum electrodynamics (QED) and Maxwell's equations, and proposes a micro-scale measurement scheme of "three-stage path splitting + two-dimensional compensation". Taking the 2026 Jupiter occultation as the carrier, a multi-band synchronous observation experiment is designed to predict the multi-band arrival sequence and time difference, providing theoretical and technical support for the refinement of light speed measurement and the expansion of the applicable boundary of relativity.This study provides a feasible precision metrology framework for high-accuracy light speed measurement in complex media, with potential engineering applications in astronomical observation and electromagnetic parameter calibration.