Promoting the synergistic development of green finance (GF) and green technology innovation (GTI) is crucial for achieving sustainable economic development. Based on the sample data of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2023, this study first sorts out the theoretical mechanism of interactive coupling, and then employs methods including Dagum Gini coefficient, spatial kernel density estimation, spatial correlation analysis, and GTWR model to explore the spatiotemporal pattern, evolution trend, and driving factors of the coupling coordination between GF and GTI. The findings are as follows: (1) The CCD is about to transition from the moderate imbalance stage to the near imbalance stage, presenting a distinct spatial pattern of "higher levels and faster development in the east, while lower levels and slower development in the west". (2) Gini coefficient of the CCD shows an upward trend, with the degree of imbalance increasing year by year; the main sources of the overall differences follow the order: Gw > Gb > Gt. (3) The CCD between GF and GTI exhibits a positive spatial correlation, and the agglomeration degree is constantly strengthening; the High-High Cluster areas are mainly concentrated in northern China. (4) Economic development level, financial development level, population scale, and urbanization level drive the coupling coordination between GF and GTI. This study provides new theoretical and empirical evidence for the complex coupling relationship and driving factors of GF and GTI, and offers a key scientific basis for the Chinese government to formulate differentiated regional policies, thereby promoting the effective implementation of the green and low-carbon development strategy.