Rédiger un PREreview

Introduction: Myopia in children is a growing concern, linked to increased screen time and reduced outdoor activity. This article reviews the prevalence, risk factors, and prevention strategies, using a meta-analysis data presentation. Methods: A review of 22 studies examined the prevalence and progression of myopia in school-age children. Key variables included age, gender, family history, screen time, sleep, near work, and ergonomics in school settings. Results: Myopia is more common in older children, especially girls and those with a family history. High levels of near work—reading, writing, and screen use—are strongly associated with its development. Poor posture and inadequate lighting further increase risk. Interventions such as increasing outdoor time, limiting screen exposure, and improving reading posture have shown positive effects. Conclusion: Childhood myopia is influenced by both genetics and environment. A multifaceted approach—improving ergonomics, reducing academic pressure, increasing outdoor activities, and ensuring good sleep—may help prevent or slow progression. Further research is needed to clarify mechanisms and optimize interventions.