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Emerging evidence highlights the transformative potential of transcranial focused ultrasound in enhancing brain function and repair. Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFUS) enables precise, non-invasive modulation of neuronal activity, promoting cellular repair and brain plasticity. By targeting specific brain regions, LIFUS facilitates the release of neurotrophic factors, strengthens synaptic connectivity, and modulates molecular and cellular pathways essential for neural recovery. These mechanisms collectively support neuronal proliferation, differentiation, and functional integration, leading to cognitive improvements and neuroprotection without causing thermal damage. This review provides a comprehensive overview of LIFUS's effects on brain function, emphasizing its role in neuromodulation, cellular adaptation, and long-term viability for treating brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. The discussion covers optimized ultrasound parameters, efficacy in cellular and behavioral models, and its therapeutic potential for brain repair and functional recovery. By extending its scope beyond isolated mechanisms, LIFUS emerges as a versatile neuromodulation tool with significant clinical promise for enhancing brain resilience and cognitive outcomes.