Rédiger un PREreview

Some of the consequences of earthquakes are permanent ground deformations caused by fault movement and propagation of fault rupture to the ground surface. Structural seismic design codes only recommended avoiding construction near active faults and imposing a setback zone from the fault lines to prevent fault rupture surface cross structures. Avoiding construction across or near active faults is impossible for long structures, such as tunnels and pipelines. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to mitigate the fault rupture hazard. In this paper, hazard mitigation strategies in the interaction between the fault and the subsurface structures, which are categorized into structural and geotechnical approaches, are investigated. Structural strategies include reinforcing the part of the structure that is under faulting and using flexible joints, and geotechnical strategies include isolation techniques using different materials between the tunnel lining and the soil, using sliding rigid elements or soft elements for deviation of the rupture path. Studies have shown that the fault type, the relative position of the underground structure to the fault plane, and its buried depth are among the factors affecting the efficacy of the proposed methods. The investigated solutions and their conditions can be a guide for practical engineering.