In a context of profound political, institutional and social transformations, discussing the impacts of the National Primary Care Policy (PNAB) is essential for the qualification of Primary Health Care (PHC) as the basis of the Unified Health System (SUS). The study therefore seeks to analyse the impacts and evolution of the PNAB in the SUS, with a focus on PHC in lines of care and life cycles. The methodological approach is based on documentary analysis and a narrative review of the literature, articulating the PNAB's legal frameworks. The PNAB underwent important normative milestones in 2006, 2011 and 2017, which reflect different conceptions of the role of PHC in the SUS. This reveals significant progress in consolidating the ESF as a priority model for organising services, with a direct impact on expanding access and coordinating care. The set of policies implemented in the PNAB has contributed to important improvements in health indicators, such as the reduction in infant mortality and hospitalisations for PHC-sensitive conditions. The incorporation of lines of care and life cycles as structuring axes of care reaffirmed the commitment to comprehensiveness and equity.