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Title of Manuscript: Black Holes as Multiverse Gateways: A Theory of Tier Transitions via Gravitational Resonance Author: Marcelo de Oliveira Souza DOI: 10.20944/preprints202510.0057.v1

Summary

The manuscript proposes a theoretical framework in which rotating Kerr black holes act as natural gateways between discrete “tiers” of a quantized multiverse. According to the author, strong gravitational and frame-dragging effects in the near-horizon region (the proposed “resonance zone,” 𝑟 ≈ 1–1.5 M) can catalyze particle transitions between these universe-tiers. The model claims that such tier transitions could account for several high-energy astrophysical phenomena, particularly ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and other potentially observable signatures, including anomalous anti-nuclei and gamma-ray “GUT-line” features. The later sections further extend the concept toward speculative cross-temporal navigation between parallel timelines based on vacuum expectation differences.

Strengths

• The work presents a bold and imaginative attempt to connect classical general relativity (Kerr geometry) with multiverse-level quantum processes.

• The overall structure is clear, with consistent mathematical notation and references to standard GR formalisms (Teukolsky, Penrose, Blandford–Znajek).

• The text is engagingly written and successfully motivates the physical intuition behind the resonance mechanism.

• The idea of linking gravitational resonance with tier transitions introduces an original conceptual bridge between black hole physics and cosmology.

Major Comments

1. Quantitative derivations. The manuscript remains primarily formal, and most of the equations are presented symbolically without explicit solutions or numerical evaluation. It would strongly benefit from at least one worked example or quantitative estimate linking the resonance process to a measurable energy scale or transition probability. For comparison, independent informational analyses performed by our group suggest that for a stellar-mass black hole (~10 M☉), the feasible transition energies could lie in the range of ≈10¹⁴–10¹⁶ eV per event, while for supermassive cases (~10⁶ M☉) the corresponding scales reduce to ≈10⁹–10¹¹ eV. Including such order-of-magnitude evaluations would make the theory significantly more testable and allow comparison with observational UHECR data (Auger, TA).

2. Physical consistency and conservation laws. The interaction term λ ψ̄ ψ Φ is introduced without discussing whether baryon number, charge, or energy–momentum are conserved during a tier transition. Clarifying how these quantities are preserved (or effectively redefined) would improve the model’s internal consistency.

3. GUT-scale misalignment. The cited GUT-scale value of ΔE ≈ 10¹⁵ eV is several orders of magnitude below standard unification energies (~10²⁵ eV). The author should specify whether this is intended as an effective, renormalized scale within the meta-field framework or a typographical simplification.

4. Empirical falsifiability. Section 5 lists promising observational tests (UHECR correlations, anti-nuclei fluxes, spectral lines). However, quantitative predictions (fluxes, cross sections, or expected event rates) should be expanded with uncertainties and scaling relations, making it easier to compare with existing observational limits.

5. Speculative extensions (Sections 7–8). The “cross-temporal navigation” discussion, while intriguing, is largely metaphysical and not directly connected to the calculational framework. The author might consider clearly separating this speculative discussion from the core formal sections to avoid diluting the physical argument.

Minor Comments

• The notation Φ, ψ_A, ψ_B occasionally shifts between classical and quantum interpretations; a short clarification paragraph would help.

• Several equations (e.g., 3.4, 4.5) are dimensionally incomplete — check for consistency in units.

• Some literature references (e.g., Penrose 1969, Teukolsky 1972) could be cited with full DOI links for precision.

• The acknowledgment of AI assistance is clear and transparent, which is commendable; a note on how numerical checks were verified would strengthen credibility.

Overall Evaluation

The manuscript presents a creative and highly speculative theoretical model attempting to connect black hole physics, multiverse tier transitions, and cosmological observables. It is conceptually intriguing and mathematically well-formatted, but it currently lacks explicit numerical grounding and a clear demonstration of empirical testability. Adding even simplified quantitative estimates—such as transition energy ranges or flux scaling—would substantially strengthen the paper’s scientific value. Despite its speculative elements, the work could stimulate valuable discussion on the interface of general relativity, quantum field theory, and informational cosmology.

Competing interests

The author declares that they have no competing interests.

Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The author declares that they used generative AI to come up with new ideas for their review.