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The Influence of Deficient Hygiene and Nutrition in Pregnancy Outcome

Publicada
Servidor
Preprints.org
DOI
10.20944/preprints202604.1811.v1

Background/Objectives: Pregnancy is associated with anatomical, hormonal, and immunological changes that may increase susceptibility to infections and metabolic disturbances. Adequate hygiene practices and balanced nutrition, including appropriate supplementation, may help reduce maternal and fetal complications. This study aimed to describe hygiene and nutrition behaviors among women aged 18–40 years in Romania and to evaluate their association with pregnancy outcome, complications, and infections during gestation. Methods: An observational, descriptive, and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire distributed through Google Forms. Eligible participants were women aged 18–40 years from Romania who were currently pregnant or had experienced at least one previous pregnancy ending in birth or miscarriage. The questionnaire assessed socio-demographic characteristics, hand, oral, and intimate hygiene behaviors, nutritional supplementation, pregnancy-related infections and complications, and the outcome of the most recent pregnancy. Data from 61 respondents collected over a 6-month period were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Results: Most participants reported favorable hygiene practices and relatively balanced or balanced diets. Term delivery was the most frequent pregnancy outcome (75.4%), while 72.1% reported no diagnosed infection during pregnancy. A significant association was found between intimate hygiene frequency and vaginal candidiasis (χ² = 8.92; p = 0.011), with occasional intimate hygiene linked to a higher frequency of infection. Perceived diet quality was also significantly associated with pregnancy complications (χ² = 8.81; p = 0.012), and a higher level of supplementation was significantly associated with more favorable pregnancy outcomes (χ² = 28.29; p < 0.001). No significant association was found between hand-washing frequency and urinary tract infections (χ² = 2.32; p = 0.314). Conclusions: The findings suggest that adequate intimate hygiene, balanced nutrition, and appropriate nutritional supplementation during pregnancy may contribute to better maternal and fetal out-comes. These results support the importance of prenatal education and preventive strategies focused on hygiene and nutrition. Larger studies are needed to confirm these associations.

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