The present study evaluates occupational health and safety (OHS) risks at the 400/220/110/20 kV Arad Power Substation, a critical infrastructure node in Romania’s energy network, within the context of industrial development and the need to prevent energy crises. As the demand for electricity grows alongside industrial expansion, substations face increasing operational pressures, making risk management essential for ensuring workforce safety and system reliability. The assessment integrates hazard identification, risk analysis, and mitigation strategies specific to high-voltage environments, including electrical, mechanical, ergonomic, and environmental hazards. Particular attention is given to high-voltage exposure, fire hazards, equipment malfunction, and emergency response readiness. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, the study identifies high-risk operations and proposes targeted interventions, such as improved protective equipment, training programs, maintenance protocols, and real-time monitoring systems. The findings underscore that proactive OHS measures not only safeguard personnel but also enhance operational continuity, thereby contributing to regional energy security and supporting industrial growth. By aligning health and safety management with strategic energy planning, the study demonstrates how systematic risk assessment at high-voltage substations can mitigate industrial disruptions and prevent cascading energy crises. The results provide a framework for policymakers, engineers, and OHS professionals seeking to balance workforce protection with energy infrastructure resilience.