This paper presents a comprehensive review of sustainable energy and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in Yemen. It explores Yemen’s current energy landscape, renewable energy potential, and the growing role of solar PV as a key solution for addressing the country’s energy crisis. The study highlights the technical, economic, and social dimensions of renewable energy deployment, emphasizing the importance of policy support and institutional frameworks. Findings suggest that Yemen’s solar potential, combined with declining PV costs, offers a viable path toward sustainable and decentralized energy systems capable of enhancing energy access, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, and contributing to long-term socio-economic development. Challenges including political instability, financial constraints, and lack of skilled labor remain significant, but opportunities for local and international collaboration could enable Yemen to harness its abundant solar resources effectively.