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Due to the ever-increasing pharmaceutical technology, the paradigms of drug delivery have been altered into more focused, effective and patient-centric mechanisms. The book is a thorough review of the history and scientific basis of the current drug delivery systems that focus on vesicular carriers, nanocarriers, lipid-based systems, and new oral dose innovations. The research commences with a statement of the reason why the targeted and controlled drug delivery is desirable, aiming to increase the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the systemic side effects of drugs. The vesicular systems such as liposomes, niosomes and proniosomes are addressed due to their structural flexibility, biocompatibility and the capacity to deliver both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Nanoparticle facilitated by nanotechnology has also facilitated the delivery of precise delivery with the use of polymeric, inorganic, and lipid-based nanoparticles used in controlled and site-specific delivery. Nanoparticles such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are considered the most stable, easier to load with drugs, and not harmful to the body. A review of oral dosage innovation (mouth-dissolving, effusive, chewable, and pulsatile systems) that improve patient compliance and therapy outcome is also explained in the review. Controlled and sustained release technology incorporating microencapsulation and polymeric matrices are being investigated as critical solutions to the problem of consistent drug concentrations and the enhancement of the pharmacological behavior. All these developments are a multidisciplinary approach to precision therapeutics.