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This review explores the foundational elements of Oromo generational wisdom, focusing on how their rich cultural heritage, particularly the Gadaa system, is passed down through generations. It explores the philosophical foundations, ethical frameworks, and practical applications of Oromo indigenous knowledge systems. The analysis highlights the dynamic interplay between traditional Oromo governance structures and their ability to adapt to conflict resolution, peacebuilding, and the preservation of generational wisdom in a rapidly evolving socio-political landscape. Despite challenges from external political and religious influences, Oromo indigenous systems remain resilient, offering viable alternatives or complements to formal legal frameworks. The critical role of elders is emphasised, as they draw on their accumulated experience to address contemporary societal challenges, ensuring the continuity of intergenerational knowledge (Tafese, 2016). This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the Oromo people's unique societal organisation, illustrating how their cultural practices and traditional institutions foster social cohesion and resilience. Central to this is the Oromo's oral tradition, which serves as a vital mechanism for transmitting collective identity and societal structures. This system of knowledge dissemination reflects the Oromo's deep connection to their environment and their communal approach to leadership. The Gadaa system, a constitutional framework, embodies these values, integrating democratic principles with a commitment to social accountability and human rights. For centuries, it has guided the Oromo people, promoting equitable governance and community well-being. This review explores the enduring relevance of the Gadaa system and its adaptive strategies in preserving Oromo cultural identity amid modernization and external pressures. By exploring these dynamics, this analysis underscores the significance of Oromo generational wisdom as a model for sustainable community governance and cultural preservation in a changing world.