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The Genetic Fence Strategy: Key for Cell Differentiation, Organism Development, Biodiversity, Cellular Homeostasis, Cancer Prevention, and Disease Sequestering

Publicada
Servidor
Preprints.org
DOI
10.20944/preprints202509.0069.v1

Genes are implicated in every aspect of biology. Nevertheless, this paper proposes another widely utilized, or rather non-gene related, strategy for regulating life activities. It points out that the sequential emergence of RNA, DNA with its double-stranded, supercoiled, and folded conformations, repetitive sequences, introns, pseudogenes, the nuclear membrane, histones, heterochromatinization, etc., represents the continuous deepening of this strategy. Unlike the bidirectional measures of gene activation or repression by regulatory proteins, this strategy is purely unidirectional. It pre-erects barriers along the pathway of genetic information transmission, establishing multiple checkpoints. This is particularly advantageous when there are numerous genes, as it prevents chaos caused by random expression, much like the necessity of using red traffic lights when there are too many vehicles. This pre-emptive self-blocking strategy may seem cumbersome at first glance. However, considering that complex organisms have more than hundreds of cell types, adopting a unified approach for each cell is in fact highly cost-effective. On this basis, the establishment of stable and unique gene expression profiles is achieved through subsequent gene activation, which underlies cellular differentiation, organismal development, and species diversification. The rapid growth and proliferation of tumor cells rely on abnormally rapid protein synthesis. The fences pre-close gene expression by setting up multiple checkpoints, thus preventing cancer pre-emptively. Their roles in protecting genes and sequestering diseases are also discussed.

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