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Dysregulated inflammatory processes contribute to depression, and gene-environment interactions may influence an individual’s risk and resilience. Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression increases susceptibility for developing depressive symptoms and the Val66Met (rs6265) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the BDNF gene is linked to mood disorders. However, whether Val66Met confers increased vulnerability to inflammation-induced depressive tendencies is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis - Val66Met SNP increases vulnerability to inflammation-induced depressive symptoms in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behavior. Behavior and neuroinflammation, following a 24hr LPS challenge, were measured in mice expressing human BDNF Val66Met gene variant or Val66Val littermates (control). The Val66Met genotype did not affect the peripheral inflammatory response, acute neuroinflammation, or the acute sickness behavior response. Val66Met mice exhibited anhedonia-like behavioral response following LPS challenge, and we found increased mRNA expression of IL-1β and TNFα in the cerebrum compared to controls. The mRNA expression of IL-1β and TNFα in the hippocampus and the nucleus accumbens of Val66Met mice were increased following LPS, and an interaction was detected for CD68 expression in the nucleus accumbens. In summary, these data suggest immune activation in Val66Met mice increased susceptibility to anhedonic behavior and dysregulated negative regulation of inflammation.