On General Covariance
- Publicada
- Servidor
- Preprints.org
- DOI
- 10.20944/preprints202505.0745.v5
Few hypotheses have been employed in these theoretical analyses, except the verified scientific conclusions of mass energy equation and invariant light speed. General covariance is tested controversial after the investigations on gravitational redshift and acceleration. Further inspections on differential geometry indicate the opportunities of inequality of mixed derivatives of bases for the transformations between Riemannian spaces that will then lead to failure of the classical equations of Christoffel symbols, which is one of the reasons that causes controversies on general covariance. In fact, Christoffel symbols and base derivatives both are valid methodologies for analysis in a non-Euclidean space. Measurable experiments on gravitational redshifts and accelerations have been carried out to support the theoretical results. Conclusions have been drawn that light speed keeps general covariance in gravitational fields, but light energy momentum would not, while the motions of massive matters in gravitational fields do not perform general covariance thoroughly. Consequently, inferences on kinematics and relativistic release were put into researches, which have got surprising verifications in applications. In the researches on applicable problems of kinematics and relativistic release, the conclusions and inferences have been forcefully verified furtherly. With the ingenious proposition of the concept of gravitational metrics, the so-called geodesic equations have been falsified to be kinematic equations anymore. The conservation of light angular momentum has been discovered in a most surprising form that has help to find out mistakes in classical methodologies both on light deflect and radar echo delay. Newtonian ballistic method was put forward to make numerical analyses on close-to-light-speed motions, and the invalidity of that method on light propagation could be seen as another support to the conclusions and inferences. Exponent expression of dynamic mass has been carried out to create dynamic equations that shows more generalized expressions of dynamics, especially thereby, the irrelativistic planet perihelion precession was drawn to argue about the only item controversial to observations. Dynamic models of fluid planet rings were founded to interpret the evolutions of accretions of quasars and active galactic nuclei and the mechanism of relativistic release. The equation of relativistic release was developed after the conclusions and inferences. It is predicted that the peak release of an inflow is at 1.5 of gravitational radius and the peak luminosity of an accretion may locate at the position of 1.33 of gravitational radius. Relativistic frequency shift interprets the mechanism of giant redshift that predict the probability of observational redshift might be up to more than 20.0. The width equations of emission and absorption lines indicate the mechanism and the positions of broad line regions and narrow line regions. It could be imagined that the relativistic emissions and relativistic absorptions with relativistic redshifts would have involved with fantastic mystery of intrinsic structures of matters that we know less. Theoretical researches, experimental and observational verifications may continue to bring about comprehensive supports to the conclusions and inferences.