Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells, and its treatment faces significant challenges such as drug resistance and relapse. In recent years, the family of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) has garnered attention for their roles in gene regulation, cell signaling, and the tumor microenvironment. Emerging research indicates that PRMTs exhibit aberrant expression in MM and facilitate disease progression by regulating processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and immune evasion. This review systematically summarizes the biological functions, pathogenic mechanisms, and cutting-edge advancements in targeted therapies associated with PRMTs in MM, providing a theoretical basis for clinical translation.