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Two incursions, two viruses: Emergence of a second novel Shamonda virus clade in Central Europe, 2026

by Kerstin Wernike, Florian Pfaff, Sophie Zeiske, Dirk Höper, and Martin Beer
Posted
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bioRxiv
DOI
10.64898/2026.09.05.749452

Following the emergence of Shamonda virus (SHAV) in Europe in 2026, we identified a second, genetically distinct SHAV clade in cattle in Germany. Consistent differences across all three genome segments together with divergent regional distribution patterns indicate independent introductions. We have designated the two clades as SHAV Europe 1 (SHAV-EU1) and SHAV Europe 2 (SHAV-EU2). The unexpected co-circulation of these two clades has important implications for diagnostics, surveillance, host range assessment, risk evaluation, and control measures.

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