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Degeneracy of the Operator-Valued Poisson Kernel near the Numerical Range Boundary

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DOI
10.20944/preprints202602.0563.v2

Let $A\in\C^{d\times d}$ and let W(A)W(A) denote its numerical range. For a bounded convex domain $\Omega\subset\C$ with C1C^1 boundary containing $\spec(A)$, consider the operator-valued boundary kernel \[ P_\Omega(\sigma,A)\;:=\;\Real\!\Bigl(n_\Omega(\sigma)\,(\sigma\Id-A)^{-1}\Bigr), \qquad \sigma\in\partial\Omega, \] where nΩ(σ)n_\Omega(\sigma) is the outward unit normal at σ\sigma. For convex Ω\Omega with W(A)ΩW(A)\subset\Omega, this kernel is positive definite on Ω\partial\Omega and underlies boundary-integral functional calculi and spectral-set bounds in the sense of Delyon--Delyon and Crouzeix.We analyze the opposite limiting regime ΩW(A)\Omega\downarrow W(A). Along any C1C^1 convex exhaustion ΩεW(A)\Omega_\varepsilon\downarrow W(A), if σεΩε\sigma_\varepsilon\in\partial\Omega_\varepsilon approaches a non-spectral boundary point $\sigma_0\in\partial W(A)\setminus\spec(A)$ with convergent outward normals nΩε(σε)nn_{\Omega_\varepsilon}(\sigma_\varepsilon)\to n, then λmin(PΩε(σε,A))0\lambda_{\min}(P_{\Omega_\varepsilon}(\sigma_\varepsilon,A))\to 0 and the associated min-eigenvector directions converge (up to subsequences and phases) to the canonical subspace $(\sigma_0\Id-A)\mathcal M(n)$ determined by the maximal eigenspace of $H(n)=\Real(\overline{n}A)$.Quantitatively, we obtain two-sided bounds in terms of the support-gap scalar $\delta(\sigma,n)=\Real(\overline{n}\,\sigma)-\lambda_{\max}(H(n))$, yielding a linear degeneracy rate under bounded-resolvent hypotheses and an explicit rate for outer offsets W(A)+εDW(A)+\varepsilon\mathbb{D}. Under a spectral-isolation hypothesis for λmax(H(n))\lambda_{\max}(H(n)), we characterize the entire collapsing eigenvalue cluster under non-tangential offsets: exactly m=dimM(n)m=\dim\mathcal M(n) eigenvalues decay as O(ε)O(\varepsilon) with a computable slope spectrum given by the eigenvalues of an explicit Gram matrix G(n,σ0)1G(n,\sigma_0)^{-1}, while the remaining eigenvalues stay uniformly bounded away from 00. This yields a rigorous face detector based on counting small eigenvalues, and the rescaled cluster is intrinsic under arbitrary C1C^1 convex exhaustions after normalization by δ\delta.At spectral support points $\sigma_0\in\spec(A)\cap\partial W(A)$ we obtain a three-scale picture for nonnormal matrices: an exact 1/ε1/\varepsilon blow-up on $\Ker(\sigma_0\Id-A)$, an O(ε)O(\varepsilon) collapsing cluster on $\mathcal M(n)\ominus\Ker(\sigma_0\Id-A)$ with an explicit slope spectrum, and an O(1)O(1) bulk separated from 00. For normal matrices we compute the spectrum of PΩ(σ,A)P_\Omega(\sigma,A) explicitly, recovering a simple dichotomy at spectral support points in terms of whether the supporting face contains multiple eigenvalues. Finally, we include reproducible numerical experiments (Python) validating the predicted slopes and splittings.

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