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Discrete Vacuum Geometry Predicts the Hierarchical Mass Spectrum of Standard Model Fermions

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Preprints.org
DOI
10.20944/preprints202601.0914.v3

The fermion mass hierarchy in the Standard Model spans six chief orders of magnitude and is conventionally explained by arbitrary Yukawa couplings. Here we explore a purely mathematical construction—a discrete vacuum geometry derived from a finite-dimensional 19D (12+4+3) Z3\mathbb{Z}_3-graded Lie superalgebra with exact triality symmetry—and examine whether simple integer lattice vectors embedded in its extended Z3\mathbb{Z}^3 lattice happen to produce mass ratios and other parameter values resembling those observed in nature. Using a geometric scaling mL2m \propto L^{-2} where LL is the Euclidean norm of selected lattice vectors, and anchoring to the top-quark mass (173 GeV), the framework yields the following curious numerical proximities: electron 0.49 MeV (4.6\% agreement), muon 118 MeV (12\%), qualitative up/down quark mass inversion mu<mdm_u < m_d, exact Weinberg angle sin2θW=0.25\sin^2 \theta_W = 0.25, a Higgs-related scale ratio of 0.727 (0.3\%), strong/weak coupling ratio 0.95\approx 0.95 (near equipartition), CKM CP phase 65.3\approx 65.3^\circ (5\%), and neutrino mixing angles of exactly 4545^\circ (maximal atmospheric) with cos2θ12=1/3\cos^2 \theta_{12} = 1/3 (exact tri-bimaximal solar angle). These alignments, along with geometric patterns resembling tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing, are presented as intriguing mathematical coincidences within an abstract algebraic framework and do not constitute evidence of physical relevance or predictive power. The construction offers a speculative geometric perspective that unifies gauge and flavor aspects in a single algebraic setting, extending previous work on the same structure, while emphasising that the observed numerical matches may reflect serendipity rather than deeper significance.

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