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The Longitudinal and Horizontal Comparisons of Systems—Further Verifying the Objectivity of the Role of the “Underlying Protocol (B=f[S,F])”

by Raphael Xue

Posted: October 30, 2025
Server: Preprints.org
DOI: 10.20944/preprints202510.2312.v1

Through longitudinal comparisons of the same country or political regime under different systems, as well as horizontal comparisons of the same ethnic group (sharing common roots) under different political regimes, this study reveals the inherent connection between the balance of the people’s demands for self-interest and fairness (B=f[S,F]) and a nation’s fate. This inherent connection constitutes a universal historical and social phenomenon, thereby further verifying the objectivity of the role of the "Underlying Protocol".

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