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Addressing the Digital Divide: An Algorithmic Interpretation Framework for Equitable Visitor Engagement at a Cultural Heritage Site

by Mohammad Umer, Wang Zhongjun, Sikandar Iqbal, and Hafiz Muhammad Usama

Posted: October 24, 2025
Server: Preprints.org
DOI: 10.20944/preprints202510.1934.v1

Shalimar Garden, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcases Mughal engineering but underutilizes its educational potential. A mixed-methods study (n=437; surveys, inter-views) found that independent visitors are less satisfied (60.1±3.8%) than guided groups (71.3±3.2%; p=0.004), and youth (≤35 years) are less engaged (35.2±3.7%). South Asian visitors are very culturally engaged (>80%; OR=1.87, p=0.012), while interna-tional tourists suffer accessibility difficulties (18.7%; β=−0.61, p< 0.001). Post-2020 digi-tal initiatives enhanced visits (28.4±3.1% yearly growth; r=0.79), while seasonality (+41.2% Q3–Q4) and linguistic gaps (AOR=2.11, p=0.002) persisted. Our Algorithmic Interpretation Framework combines generative AI (Δ+22–28% participation), interna-tional networks, and community archives to promote SDG 11.4 compliance. It pro-vides scalable, tech-driven UNESCO site solutions.

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