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Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Assessing Global Patterns, Identifying Mitigation Deficits, and Charting the Path to Sustainability

by Harshit Mittal

Posted: July 2, 2025
Server: Preprints.org
DOI: 10.20944/preprints202507.0038.v1

This research analyzes global carbon dioxide emissions trends and mitigation technology throughout the capture-utilization-storage chain. The global CO2 emissions keep rising even after climate deals across nations, with 73.2% of global emissions coming from the energy industry. We review capture technologies (post-combustion, oxy-combustion, and pre-combustion), utilization routes (chemical conversion to valuable products like organic carbonates and formic acid, biological conversion by microalgae for biofuels, fuel recovery enhancement, and desalination), and storage processes (geological sequestration and mineralization). Although such technologies have great potential to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations and create economic value, challenges exist in energy efficiency, economic competitiveness, and upscaling to industrial production scales necessary to meet climate objectives.

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