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Mixed ecological study aimed at investigating the epidemiological profile and the temporal trend of hospital admissions for schizophrenia in Brazil from 2010 to 2023. For the time series study, standardized notification rates were analyzed, and simple linear regression was applied to the number of hospital admissions for schizophrenia per 100,000 inhabitants, categorized by sex, age groups by sex, and Brazilian regions. In the profile study, a descriptive analysis was conducted on age group, sex, skin color, type of care, length of stay, and hospital costs. The results indicated 1,082,576 hospital admissions for schizophrenia, with a higher prevalence in men aged 20 to 39 years, of mixed race, and a total cost of R$2,514,383,318.52. Additionally, there was a decreasing linear trend in the overall admission rate for both sexes. The North region, unlike the other regions, showed an increasing linear trend. There are 1.6 million Brazilians living with schizophrenia, with investments nearing R$794 million per year, representing a significant public health concern, particularly in the socioeconomic context. Thus, it is essential to understand the trend of illness and estimate the socioeconomic impact that this condition has caused in Brazil and worldwide in recent years.