Indoor air quality (IAQ) at educational institutions has emerged as an important public health issue, affecting the health and cognitive performance of school-aged children, students, and faculty alike. This scoping review study seeks to investigate and synthesize current literature on the factors influencing the current state of research on indoor air quality in educational institutions, as well as its implications for public health. The technique thoroughly investigated peer-reviewed journals, international organizations, and government reports, as well as case studies on IAQ in educational contexts. Using keywords such as "indoor air quality," "educational institutions," "public health," '' Europe, '' and "adverse health outcomes," the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as the criteria use of quality assessments. The results show that low IAQ is connected with a variety of public health issues, including health difficulties and cognitive impairments, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children and teachers. Inadequate ventilation, the presence of volatile organic compounds, mold growth, and external contaminants are all common causes of poor indoor air quality. Monitoring and management measures are required to improve IAQ in schools, encouraging student's health and academic performance, as well as policy implications of the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in addressing this public health concern.