This article approaches the theme of violence against children and adolescents, by focusing on sexual violence with the aim of learning the perception on this issue by teachers of Elementary School final years, who have an undergraduate degree in Biological Sciences. It also addresses the role of the school in facing this problem and the sexual violence as an object of knowledge in the Life and Evolution thematic unit within the Science curriculum. The data collection was carried out through documental sources to identify the neighborhood with the highest records of sexual violence against children and adolescents, and through interview per topic. Four significant subjects have been selected at two public elementary schools from different public networks. As to the systematization and analysis procedure, the phenomenological one by Maria Aparecida Bicudo has been used.It has been found out that although the Life and Evolution thematic unit enabled the teachers to discuss prevention and the fulfillment of the obligation to protect and care for children and adolescents by introducing them to knowledge and information without prejudice or moralism and allowing them to create defense strategies to strengthen them and prevent themselves against abusive relationships in different situations of social life, most teachers, for different reasons, find it difficult to deal with pupils who undergo violence.