This study aims to analyze the potential of university extension in the mobilization and construction of knowledge during the initial training of teachers in Brazil. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR), based on a protocol developed through the Start platform, a selection of quantitative data for analysis was carried out, while the qualitative data were organized through the NVivo platform and analyzed with the Bardin Content Analysis technique. The results of this study point to the relevance of university extension in the training of Brazilian licensed teachers, through the contribution in the five fields of teaching professionalism proposed by Antônio Nóvoa, in addition to providing data on the development of research on university extension in different regions of Brazil and university courses that published the most on this topic. In addition, periods of growth and decrease in interest in the research theme related to extension were observed, and highlighting the need for greater dissemination of the work carried out by university extensions related to teacher training.