Background
Standard precautions are infection control and prevention (ICP) measures designed to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings. In Cameroon, maternal and neonatal mortality remain a concern. Unsystematic compliance with these measures increases the risk of HAIs and other medical hazards. The present investigation aimed at assessing the baseline understanding of hand hygiene principles and perceptions, experience of occupational exposure to body fluids, and preventive vaccination coverage among HCWs in the obstetrics-gynecology ward of a referral hospital of Yaounde.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the obstetrics-gynecology department of the health facility from April to July 2024. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from consenting HCWs. It was adapted from the WHO Knowledge Questionnaire for Health Care Workers.
Results
A total of 41 healthcare workers participated in the study. Participants were predominantly female (78%) and ranged in age from 20 to 57 years. Staff knowledge of hand hygiene was average overall, with a median score of 60%. Most of respondents considered hand hygiene to be an essential part of their care (90%). Most of paramedical staff (82%) significantly agreed that they had been properly trained on hand hygiene during their training ( p =0.006). More than half of respondents (59%) experienced an accidental exposure to body fluids in the previous 12 months. A significant factor associated with the occurrence of occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids was a high level of education (aOR=14; p =0.044). The coverage of fully vaccinated HCWs was 27% for viral hepatitis B, 19% for COVID-19, and 0% for cholera. Factors associated with low adherence to vaccination included not having received training in ICP interventions (aOR=7.37; p =0.046) for hepatitis B vaccination and having completed tertiary education (aOR=14; p =0.043) for COVID-19. Half of the HCWs exposed (12/24=50%) to blood and body fluids were not fully vaccinated against viral hepatitis B.
Conclusions
This study revealed gaps in knowledge of hand hygiene, high occupational exposure to biological fluids and low vaccination. Health facility managers and national health authorities must therefore commit to implementing specific strategies to increase staff training in standard precautions and promote vaccination.