PREreview of Analyzing Neural Response to Visual Stimuli: Firing Rates, Frequency Band Dynamics, and Synchrony in Near and Far Flanker Conditions

The purpose of the Study was to assess the brain's response to visual stimuli given the Far and Near Flanker Conditions, with a supporting hypothesis of substantial differences in neuronal firing rates between the two conditions. This study had both Strengths and Limitations that we have addressed. 

STRENGTHS:

Abstract: 

• Good job of introducing the topic and giving an idea of what to expect from the study 

Introduction:

• Good justification for the usage of Neuroimaging Model EEG 

Methodology: 

• Careful experimental controls

• Appropriate Standardized procedures

•  Comprehensive EEG processing

• Testing Environment was similar to all the participants

Results:

• Strong Multimodal EEG analysis

• Good visual data representations

• Good Multi-layered approach to understanding neurological distinctions (rate, timing, frequency, and synchronization

Discussion + Conclusion:

• Good job of summarizing and explaining the research findings outlined in the paper

LIMITATIONS: 

Introduction

• Needs to specify on statistical analysis methods from beginning → helps readers to understand from the beginning

Methodology

• Proper Statistical Testing of Differences

• Better Justification for Spatial Parameters 

• Investigation of why some individuals show reversed effects

•  Adding behavioral measures like reaction times could help validate the cognitive load interpretation

Results:

• Main assertion that there is increased brain activity in the Near condition is not statistically significant, but it is still described as though it were significant, making the conclusions less compelling.

• There is no thorough explanation of effect sizes or confidence intervals when the p-value is presented

• Despite a large number of EEG measures and time points, correction for multiple comparisons is not mentioned

• Although they are used descriptively, visualizations such as the plots lack statistical annotations or quantification to support their conclusions

• Without taking into account other possible factors (such as task-related weariness or individual variability), the authors presume that higher delta/theta always indicates cognitive stress

• Although it is acknowledged previously in the study, the results do not address or account for inter-subject variation in brain activity

• The study’s results cannot be generalized to other populations like unhealthy and younger people

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.