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Chromenone-Pyrazole Mixture as a Dual-Channel Fluorescent Probe for Selective Detection of Fe³⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ with Aggregation-Induced Emission Properties

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Preprints.org
DOI
10.20944/preprints202608.0785.v1

Herein, we report a simple physical mixture of chromenone and pyrazole as a cost-effective dual-channel fluorescent probe for selective detection of Fe³⁺ and Cr⁶⁺. The mixture exhibits typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior in both tetrahydrofuran (THF)/water and THF/simulated body fluid (SBF) systems, with maximum fluorescence intensity at 80% poor solvent fraction. The mixture maintains good AIE performance in physiological SBF medium, demonstrating potential for biomedical applications. Upon screening 18 metal ions (Ag⁺, Al³⁺, Au³⁺, Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cr³⁺, Cr⁶⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Hg²⁺, Mo⁶⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Na⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Pd²⁺, Zn²⁺), two distinct selective responses were observed. In the UV-vis absorption channel, Fe³⁺ induces the most significant absorbance enhancement at 365 nm (∼3.5-fold), followed by Cr⁶⁺ (∼2.5-fold). In the fluorescence emission channel (λₑₓ = 310 nm), only Cr⁶⁺ triggers a unique and remarkable red-shift of the emission peak (∼10 nm), while all other metal ions cause negligible spectral changes. This wavelength-shift-based recognition mechanism is free from interferences such as probe concentration and light-source fluctuations, providing a physical basis for ratiometric detection. The differentiated responses of Fe³⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ in two optical channels offer a novel, low-cost fluorescent probe strategy for environmental monitoring and biomedical diagnosis.

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