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German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) is an important medicinal and aromatic crop in Ukraine, where it’s dried flower heads (Chamomillae anthodium) are officially registered and standardized according to the European Pharmacopoeia. Despite its economic relevance, information on population-level variability in essential oil yield and chemical composition remains limited. This study evaluated twenty wild chamomile populations distributed across major agroclimatic regions of Ukraine to identify valuable chemotypes for cultivation, breeding, and commercial standardization. Clus-ter analysis revealed a partial relationship between flower head mass and both qualitative and quantitative essential oil traits, while environmental conditions showed only weak influence. Over all, Ukrainian wild chamomile predominantly belonged to Type B chemotype (/-/-α-bisabolol oxide A > /-/-α-bisabolol > /-/-α-bisabololoxide B). Southern populations with medium-sized flower heads and moderate oil content were dominated by the phytotherapeutic valuable /-/-α-bisabolol chemotype. These findings provide a scientific basis for chemotype-based selection, region-specific cultivation, and improvement of commercial chamomile quality and its products. In the conditions of special agricultural production in Ukraine, the technology of growing medicinal chamomile is not sufficiently developed. New agrotechnical issues are being studied in accordance with adaptive varieties, which are the domestic Perlyna Lisostepu, Azulena and the foreign: Bodegold (Germany), Zloty Lan (Poland). However, these are chamomile varieties with an average content of essential oil, which has a high content of bisabololoxides. However, the needs for technologies for harvesting and processing chamomile drugs are currently not sufficiently resolved. These facts affect the low visual and herbal quality of teas in the consumer network, which are produced by the Ukrainian companies.