Skip to main content

Write a PREreview

SG-MuRCL: Smoothed Graph-Enhanced Multi-Instance Contrastive Learning for Robust Whole Slide Image Classification

Posted
Server
Preprints.org
DOI
10.20944/preprints202512.0100.v1

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a standard paradigm for classifying gigapixel whole-slide images (WSIs). However, prominent models such as Attention-Based MIL (ABMIL) treat image patches as independent instances, ignoring their inherent spatial context. More advanced frameworks like MuRCL employ reinforcement learning for instance selection but do not explicitly enforce spatial coherence, often resulting in noisy localizations. Although Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), attention smoothing, and reinforcement learning (RL) are each powerful, state-of-the-art strategies for addressing these issues individually, their integration remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces SG-MuRCL, a framework that enhances MuRCL by first employing a GNN to model spatial relationships—departing from ABMIL’s independence assumption—and second incorporating an attention-smoothing operator to regularize the MIL aggregator, aiming to improve robustness by generating more coherent and clinically meaningful heatmaps. Empirical evaluation yielded an important finding: while the baseline MuRCL trained successfully, the integrated SG-MuRCL consistently collapsed into a trivial solution. This outcome shows that the theoretical synergy between GNNs, attention smoothing, and RL does not trivially translate into practice. The contribution of this work is therefore not a high-performing model, but a concrete demonstration of the scalability and stability challenges that arise when unifying these advanced paradigms.

You can write a PREreview of SG-MuRCL: Smoothed Graph-Enhanced Multi-Instance Contrastive Learning for Robust Whole Slide Image Classification. A PREreview is a review of a preprint and can vary from a few sentences to a lengthy report, similar to a journal-organized peer-review report.

Before you start

We will ask you to log in with your ORCID iD. If you don’t have an iD, you can create one.

What is an ORCID iD?

An ORCID iD is a unique identifier that distinguishes you from everyone with the same or similar name.

Start now