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Gravitational and Dark-Matter Concepts That Can Help Explain Cosmic Data

by Thomas Buckholtz

Posted: December 8, 2025
Server: Preprints.org
DOI: 10.20944/preprints202511.0598.v2

We discuss gravitational concepts and candidate specifications for dark matter that, together, can help explain known ratios of dark-matter effects to ordinary-matter effects and can help explain eras in the rate of expansion of the universe. The ratios pertain to galaxies and galaxy evolution, galaxy clusters, and densities of the universe. The candidate specifications for dark matter reuse, with variations, a set of known elementary particles. Regarding galaxy evolution and the rate of expansion of the universe, we deploy multipole-expansion methods that combine Newtonian gravity, aspects of motions of sub-objects of gravitationally interacting objects, and Lorentz invariance.

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