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Sustainability has become a strategic priority in logistics and supply chain management, yet empirical evidence from emerging economies remains limited, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study examines the effects of green logistics practices (GLPs) and social performance (SP) on the organizational performance (OP) of logistics service providers (LSPs) in Morocco, a strategic Euro-Mediterranean hub undergoing rapid transformation in its logistics sector. Grounded in the Triple Bottom Line framework and informed by the Resource-Based View, a quantitative research design was adopted using survey data collected from 210 managers and professionals in the Moroccan logistics sector. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied via SmartPLS 4.0 to test the hypothesized relationships. The results reveal that GLPs have a significant positive effect on both SP (β = 0.494, p < 0.001) and OP (β = 0.263, p < 0.001), while SP strongly enhances OP (β = 0.379, p < 0.001). Together, GLPs and SP explain 31.1% of the variance in OP and 24.4% in SP, highlighting their complementarity. These findings provide novel empirical evidence from an underexplored context and offer actionable insights for LSPs and policymakers to design integrated sustainability strategies that enhance competitiveness and stakeholder value.