This study offers a comprehensive examination of the concept of a "power vacuum" within the realm of international relations, delving into how states and other actors strategically seek to extend their influence whenever established powers retreat or decline. Drawing from an integration of historical examples and theoretical frameworks, this study identifies recurring vacuum-filling behaviors and strategies across a range of domains: military, political, economic, cultural, and technological. These patterns are not merely relics of the past but continue to shape contemporary geopolitics. Through a critical analysis of the shifting balances among major global players, such as the United States, China, and Russia, alongside assertive regional powers, this paper highlights the evolution of vacuum-filling strategies. No longer limited to overt military interventions, states now utilize a sophisticated blend of economic investments, technological advancement, diplomatic engagement, and cultural influence to occupy spaces left by receding powers. The study further observes that the success of these endeavors is increasingly influenced by internal political dynamics within the competing states, resource constraints, and the growing entanglement of global interest’s characteristic of the nascent multipolar world order.Ultimately, this research underscores that vacuum filling remains a foundational force in the transformation of international relations. However, the mechanisms and outcomes of such processes are shaped by a complex set of factors, necessitating deeper scholarly attention. Future research should examine the intricate relationships between domestic politics, resource allocation, and the stability of emerging power configurations during ongoing global transformations.