Introduction: Congenital syphilis remains a major public health challenge and is considered a sensitive indicator of the quality of prenatal care. Objective: To analyze the distribution of hospitalizations due to congenital syphilis according to sex and race/color. Methods: An ecological, retrospective study was conducted using aggregated data from the Brazilian Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS) for 2023. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated, and associations between categorical variables were assessed using chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Results: A total of 187 hospitalizations were identified. Females accounted for 54.0% of cases. Most hospitalizations occurred among individuals classified as brown (pardo) (73.8%). Conclusion: The findings highlight persistent social inequalities associated with congenital syphilis hospitalizations.