This article aimed to map theoretical and practical advances in the field of neuroeducation through a systematic literature review, seeking to identify gaps, guide future research, and support the application of neuroscientific strategies in everyday school life. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol, analyzing 130 articles indexed in the Scopus database. Tools such as VOSviewer and NVivo were used for bibliometric and qualitative analysis. The results highlight four main areas: the practical application of neuroscience in education, active learning methods, teacher training, and memory studies. The review identified challenges such as the persistence of neuromyths, limited inclusion of neuroscience content in initial teacher education, and the need for greater methodological rigor in longitudinal studies. Furthermore, it emphasizes the transformative potential of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, provided they are used ethically and pedagogically. It concludes that neuroeducation is an expanding interdisciplinary field with relevant contributions to improving pedagogical practices but still faces significant barriers to practical implementation and the promotion of inclusive, evidence-based educational policies.