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Disproving the Riemann Hypothesis with Primorial Bounds

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Preprints.org
DOI
10.20944/preprints202504.0246.v4

The Riemann Hypothesis posits that all non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function have a real part of 12\frac{1}{2}. As a pivotal conjecture in pure mathematics, it remains unproven and is equivalent to various statements, including one by Nicolas in 1983 asserting that the hypothesis holds if and only if $\prod_{p \leq x} \frac{p}{p - 1} > e^{\gamma} \cdot \log \theta(x)$ for all x2x \geq 2, where θ(x)\theta(x) is the Chebyshev function, γ0.57721\gamma \approx 0.57721 is the Euler-Mascheroni constant, and log\log is the natural logarithm. Defining Nn=2pnN_n = 2 \cdot \ldots \cdot p_n as the nn-th primorial, the product of the first nn primes, we employ Nicolas' criterion to prove that there exists a prime $p_k > 10^8$ and a prime pkp_{k'} such that θ(pk)θ(pk)2\theta(p_{k'}) \leq \theta(p_k)^2 and $p_k^{1.907} \ll p_{k'} < p_k^2$, where pk1.907pkp_k^{1.907} \ll p_{k'} implies pkp_{k'} is significantly larger than pk1.907p_k^{1.907}. This existence leads to Nkφ(Nk)eγloglogNk\frac{N_k}{\varphi(N_k)} \leq e^{\gamma} \cdot \log \log N_k, contradicting Nicolas' condition and confirming the falsity of the Riemann Hypothesis. This result decisively refutes the conjecture, enhancing our insight into prime distribution and the behavior of the zeta function's zeros through analytic number theory.

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